Word limits are provided for guidance only. The Editors will consider submissions that exceed the recommended limit, subject to feedback received during peer review.
Article
A manuscript reports the results of an original full-length study. An article has a comprehensive narrative that includes introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and references.
Abstract: Limited to 250 words without key words.
Word limit: Limited to 6,500 words excluding abstract, references, tables, figures, and their legends.
Tables and figures: The total number of tables and figures for the main text is limited to 8.
References guideline: Limited to 60 references. Please use the most important and relevant references where possible.
Supplemental information: Supplemental information for less important materials, methods, data (tables and figures) is allowed.
Review
A review should comprehensively and systematically analyze and discuss the existing literature related to a specific topic. Expert synthesis, assessment, future direction, and challenges are expected. Generally, a review article should have an introduction to provide the rationale for the review, followed by sections with appropriate subheadings, and a perspective section at the end. The standard headings (acknowledgements, contributions, competing interests, funding) are also required. All invited reviews will undergo peer review prior to acceptance. Before conceiving and writing a review, it is encouraged to consult the Editor-in-Chief first.
