(1)Richard Hofstadter,The Age of Reform: From Bryan to F.D.R.,New York: Vintage Books,1955,pp.24-26.
(2)Benjamin Elman,“Early Modern or Late Imperial Philology? The Crisis of Classical Learning in Eighteenth Century China,” Frontiers of History in China,Vol.6,No.1,2011,pp.3-25.
(3)Edward Farmer,“Social Regulations of the First Ming Emperor,” in Kwang-Ching Liu,ed.,Orthodoxy in Late Imperial China,Berkeley: University of California Press,1990,p.120.